Yes. It's totally bizarre that a formalised business identity is held in a commercial enterprise, not some kind of not for profit mutuality or a state enterprise.
Who requires them to do it isn't the point, what Google decided is the formalism to meet EU requirements is the point.
Here is a european collated list of worldwide business registries. The Australian one is a gov.au. the US one is the SEC not D&B
The SEC is not a registry of all businesses in the US. The SEC concerns itself with business that sell shares to the public; this would not cover (for example) a single-member LLC that a software developer might use.
In the US, businesses are chartered and registered by the states, not the Federal government. There is no Federal equivalent to the UK's Companies House.
Who requires them to do it isn't the point, what Google decided is the formalism to meet EU requirements is the point.
Here is a european collated list of worldwide business registries. The Australian one is a gov.au. the US one is the SEC not D&B
https://ebra.be/worldwide-registers/?location=au