Yes, I know of friends and coworkers who have had to change career because they couldn't do their old job anymore. This after a year long recovery.
They aren't happy about it, they really want to do their old job, if only they could.
Then there are a few more who where home sick for 1 or 2 months. They all seem to have recovered.
In the Netherlands the same happened with the railway and healthcare coverage. The motivation was that market pressure would lead to increased efficiency.
In practice, there's a tendency towards monopoly and a forest of product variants leading to more confusion and people buying sub-optimal.
The net effect over here is negative, in my opinion.
The thing is there is no market pressure for water/sewage, which is a monopoly and even a natural monopoly.
There are very good argument to have a working market wherever possible but obviously that does not work with natural monopolies. In those cases it makes more sense to make it a state-owned company and to drive investment while keeping costs down for the benefits of all. Nothing new as this has been a recognised issue since the 19th century.
In the 70's, the city of Utrecht in the Netherlands was renovated from car central to bike central.
That only took a few years, bike paths aren't that expensive.
The last few years ASML's problem was not supply chains, it was a very high demand. Production was ramped up successfully, but not enough to meet that demand.
With regards to Peak IC: atoms aren't getting smaller, Feynmans' "Plenty of room at the bottom" might indeed run it's end.
Not for something like ASML which is bleeding edge manufacturing tech that only one company in the world has figured out. It’s very very difficult to replicate that research unless you steal it and replicate all of the surrounding work. Stealing is the easy part and I’m sure China has done that and is attempting replication. But there’s a lot more involved to it I think that’s tricky, troubleshooting and solving bugs is harder when you haven’t internalized how things work (you’re basically rediscovering all the things ASML has learned producing and integrating their tech into a finished product).
A nation state like China is developed enough that it doesn’t care about millions or even billions for something as strategic as this. They’re looking to potentially invade Taiwan to take over TSMC to get their hands on bleeding edge tech which is going to be significant more difficult and expensive.
Companies know this and a) intentionally make the parents vague (also helps with enforcement) and b) keep a huge amount back as trade secrets. That’s why you have industrial espionage.
The principal goes that no, your prices rise which throttles demand until the two meet, then with the extra money you've charged, you build out new production capacity. That's the idea of free market anyway.
reflection is coherent, a single physical process. The light keeps it's phase and polarization.
Re-radiation is incoherent, caused by multiple particle interactions (physical processes).
So there's quite a difference in physics.
The first CD's were not that great, being effectively around 14-bit. Better D/A converters and noise-shaping during mastering greatly improved the sound quality.
After that, the loudness wars destroyed it again.
Leaded gasoline has been a former experiment in population-wide reduction of intelligence and increase of aggressiveness. Supposedly that affected that 80's, but I am not aware of systematic studies on that.
thx! TIL leaded gasoline was phased out in the 1970s primarily because it clogged catalytic converters needed to end smog, not because of health reasons!
(smog used to be terrible - I lived through the latter half of that period, am I can't even relate to how awful it used to be... friends and I remember walking in midtown Manhattan, blowing our noses and it being black... I can't even imagine pre-1980 let alone pre-1970... https://timeline.com/la-smog-pollution-4ca4bc0cc95d )
The Netherlands has started burning more coal, so Germany can have more gas. Drilling more gas from Groningen can be done at a moments notice, and will be done before either Dutch or German houses are without heating
