The fact that the branch tip can be moved to unrelated commits is another issue with Git’s model, and a mismatch to the intuitive “a named lineage in the DAG” conception of branches. In other VCSs, that would be a new/different branch, and you could still rename branches so that the same name will later refer to a different branch, but the branch history as such (including renames) would be preserved.
> mismatch to the intuitive “a named lineage in the DAG” conception of branches
Once more, that conception may be intuitive but it is wrong. A branch is emphatically NOT a line through the DAG, it's the whole DAG. There simply is no single list of patches to apply to get from one commit to another, even if both were at some point heads of the same branch, and even if one is an ancestor of the other.
And the reason it's wrong is that branches can merge together. You can have commit A descended from both the "main" branch and the "topic_a" branch, despite the fact that those two had diverged. This isn't a bug, it's a feature. You don't have to use it if you don't want to (lots of projects require linear commit histories in their main branch), but it's part of the tool nonetheless because some projects (Linux especially) use it heavily and to great effect.
I don’t see what is wrong. Branches in that conception are paths through the DAG. One would like to annotate such paths with names, and have those names automatically apply by default when adding a commit to the end of such a path.
This has nothing to do with lists of patches. Nevertheless, for any given path, it is always possible to compute a list of patches that would match that path. Just compute the diffs between all adjacent pairs of commits on that path. What you maybe mean is that you can’t replay just a single path and have it result in the same commit hash. That, of course, is correct, you need to replay the complete prefix DAG. However, I don’t see why you think that causes issues for the branches-as-paths conception.
Yes, branches can merge together. That just means that different paths can share nodes and edges. Just like two hiking trails can partially overlap. Again, I see no problem here.
No! No, they are not. This is a mistake you are making, and I'm trying (vainly, maybe) to correct it.
If you have a branched structure like that, and dump each commit as a patch, and try to trace a "path through the DAG" by applying those patches, you will find that they don't apply after the first merge commit. There is no single list of patches, because that's not the structure of the history. The merge commit "patch" must be a different delta depending on where you came from.
The problem is that the thing that Git calls a branch does not identify a specific path. Look at OP's example again: if you conceptualize branches as paths, then CA/DB and CB/DA are distinct ways to divide that graph into branches. But in Git there is no way to represent that distinction (at least, not as branches).
