It might not have throttled fast enough. Without sufficient thermal mass (or with insufficient heat transfer to that thermal mass, for instance if the thermal paste is misapplied), it might heat up too fast for the sensors to keep up.
For different reasons though. AMD's chiplets produce heat in a small area which makes it hard to transfer heat quickly. Intel just use a shitload more power and thus more heat.
That’s not entirely it though. Modern AMD and Intel chips are built to run at their thermal/frequency limits and will jump to those limits at a moments notice in order to maximize performance.
So unless you have powerful cooling you will hit the thermal limit.
Its hard to cool these new chips. AMD included.