Hmmm, it occurred to me, I'm sitting in front of a laptop connected to a (power delivery) USB-C dock. So unplugged the laptop and plugged the cable into my phone instead (very basic, Moto G Play 2023). What happened? Almost nothing! The phone reported an audio output device, but did not charge, and the keyboard and mouse plugged into the dock did not get recognized either. Not encouraging.
Well, the Kensington dock at work did not work (for delivering power to the phone and letting keyboard and mouse be used) - in fact it did none of those things. But ordered this cheapie from Ali:
Dunno if anyone stil sees this but.. the gadget came from Ali.
Phone doesn't charge through it. However, my work laptop does. If this thing is plugged in between its USB-C dock and the laptop, it is powered, but the dock is not otherwise seen. So the USB-C socket is a full power delivery passthrough but that's all it is.
The USB-A port does work; a mouse plugged into it is seen by the laptop. Didn't test the HDMI output.
For the phone: Useless. Obviously this phone does not do USB-PD. It just expects the power adapter to deliver 5V. So a limitation with this phone; I'll never be able to simultaneously power it and also get an OTG USB connection.