ASIO, you can use it with JACK https://www.asio4all.org/ Note however, unlike pipewire, this only works with ASIO (or JACK) compatible software.

Because of pipewire this works for the whole system, and I don't think there's a Windows equivalent for that. But for editing a graph for a single playback pipeline there's GraphEdit† for DirectShow which is kind of similar (but not as powerful)?

† https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/directshow/u...

This is just a GUI for the underlying Pipewire sound software, which is what the applications actually talks to. I don't think you get something like that on Windows.

Jack also works on Windows.

True, but applications have to support it explicitly. For pipewire, you see everything, so if you want to wire up Firefox to your daw, you can.